Pollineering

Bringing stability and predictability to crops and farmers through environmentally-friendly electrostatics pollination

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Environmental Effects on Pollination

When considering the pollination of their crops, Farmers constantly face a large number of risks and uncertainties, such as inadequate number of bees and other pollinators, or lack of sufficient chill hours or other weather caused pollination risks. The reason is simple.

Pollination sets the upper limit of crop production.

Faced with these risks, farmers are always searching for ways to gain more control over pollination and the pollination of their crops, thus increasing food security and often increasing crop yield. Yet, there is still one major force farmers cannot control: the weather. American farmers have traditionally relied on the excellent forecasting provided by the Farmers’ Almanac. Other such resources exist around the globe. However, with some the early effects of global warming being seen, the impact of weather and weather events on agriculture is likely to grow over the coming decades.

Risks from the Weather

Here are a few of the ways weather can negatively impact the pollination process.

Insect Pollinators

Iced Plant
Source: Tom Hisgett

A very large percentage (roughly ⅓) of all food eaten worldwide depends on bees and other insects for pollination. Bees in China and around the world have been dying off at alarming rates. One major cause of this rapid decline in bees is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Parts of China have experienced this challenge to food security caused by the decline in bee population and other insect pollinators.

Weather has a direct effect on when and how insect pollinators are active. Factors include heat, humidity and wind. Even localized micro-climates can have an effect on the work done by these pollinators.

Chill Hours

Each variety of stone fruits, such as cherries, peaches, plums, etc., require a certain number of chill hours before pollination season. If the weather does not provide adequate chill hours in the months before blooming, the male portion of the flower which is the pollen, does not develop properly. This often limits pollination, at times severely. Our technology solves most of these kinds of problems.

Cross-Pollination

Many crops must be cross-pollinated.

With cherries, for cross-pollination to successfully occur a bee must bring pollen from a cherry blossom of a different variety cherry to each flower. Until now, to cross-pollinate their crops, farmers have had to plant an adequate ratio of more than one variety of cherries in the same field so that bees can mix the pollen as needed. However, if weather patterns cause one variety of cherry to bloom too soon or too late compared to the other varieties, bees cannot cross-pollinate the crop because an adequate number of blooms from other varieties are not open at the same time long enough for the bees to cross-pollinate. Thus a pollination gap occurs.

Electrostatic Pollination

Pollineering uses proven, patent-pending mechanical pollination technology to optimize pollination and mitigate pollination risks. Our technology increases food security and can optimize pollination to increase many crop yields with or without bees and in spite of many adverse weather conditions.

We do not need viable in-field pollen, nor do we need a variety of concurrently open blossoms in order to cross-pollinate. In fact, with our technology, for the first time in history farmers will be able to choose, if they wish, to plant only one variety of a crop, thus saving significant costs and improving land utilization.

Our patent-pending electrostatic spray process for mechanical pollination reduces risk to farmers and improves their crop yields and profits and is adaptable to many crop types. We are currently in production for a number of stone fruit and other types of orchards including almonds, cherries, pistachios, peaches, apricots, plums and kiwi. Apples and pears will be next, with more crop types soon to follow.

We give farmers control for optimizing crop pollination, with or without bees and other pollination approaches. The primary benefits to farmers are:

  1. Crop yield increases due to optimized pollination. Thus far our average crop yield has been in the range of 10% to 15%. This can be a very significant crop yield and production increase.
  2. Risk mitigation and increased food security due to optimizing pollination with or without bees and when the weather or other factors disrupt or harm the natural pollination cycle.
  3. Other major benefits of this technology include reduced production costs and reduced risks.

Some Pollination Methods

Hired Help – The Honey Bee

The status quo technology for pollinating plants is the honeybees. For bee pollination, timely beehive placement, strength of beehives, activity during cool weather, sufficient bloom and bloom overlap are all concerns for growers.

For large farms with large monoculture crop fields, honeybee pollination involves renting bees which are trucked into to the fields or orchards. When bees are not available for rent or the adequate infrastructure does not exist, bringing in bees may not be an option, and the farmers must provide their own bees or depend on nature to do so.

Several aspects of current agriculture practice are based on using bee pollination, such as the planting of alternating varieties of a crop (in every other row) to increase cross-pollination. Since different varieties of a crop may ripen at different times, such a practice results in multiple harvests and therefore higher costs.

Since 2004, the cost of bees for many crop types has increased as much as five-fold due to decrease in the bee supply, as a result of CCD decimating bee colonies. Farmers are concerned about the continued use of bees as their main form of pollination. Luckily, Pollineering’s process is bee friendly and can be used in conjunction with bees to enhance their pollination efforts.

These factors, combined with the rising cost of bees, aligns our company with the desire farmers have for a far more reliable pollination technology. The benefits of our technology highly incentivize the farmers to use our innovative technology.

Volunteers – Native Bees & Insects

Southern Carpenter Bee
Source: Bob Peterson

A second source of pollination include native bees and other pollinating insects. Mason and carpenter bees are increasingly being used as more efficient pollinators, especially when crops are in need of cross pollination. Some companies have begun selling starter kits of mason bees that allow growers to maintain their own colony. Growers then need to maintain their population by providing suitable flowers, as a food source for these bees, otherwise these bees will migrate onward in search of food when these crops stop blooming.

Many orchards are monoculture crops where non-crops are considered weeds. Consequently, they are sprayed regularly to eliminate non-crop plants, which has the side effect of eliminating food sources for bees. While they may remain a viable for some smaller growers with flower sources for bees to use as food nearby, it is very much at the whim of mother nature and does not optimize pollination nearly as well as our processes. Research is currently being carried out to determine if providing other food source plants in the orchards can help bee population. To date, the results of this research have been mixed.

Dry Pollen

Some farmers have already tried innovative techniques to solve some of the problems occurring with the bee pollination methods. For example, some farmers buy pollen from pollen supply companies to place at the entrance of the bee hives to enhance pollination. However, there is little research on this method, and it is unclear if it actually increases yield. Furthermore, placing pollen at the front of the hives still relies on the actual bees and all of the risks associated with them.

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture
Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture

Farmers have also tried blowing dry pollen onto the trees. There is no evidence that this actually increases yield unless one uses so much pollen that it becomes cost prohibitive. With limited evidence of success and high costs, this technology has not taken hold in the industry. Using Pollineering’s process, electrostatic sprayers, the pollen-infused slurry is 10 times more effective at attaching to the stigma of the flower than blowing dry pollen. This allows us to be much more effective in terms of both yield and pollen use.

Self-Pollination

Another current area of research is the development of self-pollinating trees. Currently these trees are still in testing or early production phases, so it is unclear how much of a competition they will be. Because trees must grow to maturity before their effectiveness can be measured, it will be a number of years before there is any conclusive evidence for this approach. While self-pollinating trees have made great strides in the past 10 years, in most cases they still have not matched the standard of regular trees.

The long lifespan of trees also limits the speed that this technology could be implemented, if it is ever developed. Farmers have heavy investments in their current orchards and are not likely to rip out producing trees until their trees grow too old to produce well. Tests of our technology on self-pollinating trees have shown a 15% increase in crop yield over untreated self-pollinating trees in the same orchard, certainly a modest increase.